Symptoms & Causes
Introduction
Leiomyosarcoma of bone is a rare malignant tumor that shows smooth muscle differentiation. It commonly affects the lower extremity around the knee but can also occur in other bones.
Reference
WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Soft tissue and bone tumours [Internet]. Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020 [cited 2024 09 11]. (WHO classification of tumours series, 5th ed.; vol. 3). Available from: https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/chapters/33.
Related Terminology
None
Subtype(s)
None
Symptoms
Patients typically report pain and occasionally present with pathological fracture. Metastatic disease from extraosseous primary lesions (uterus, bowel, soft tissue) should be excluded, as this is more common than primary LMS of bone.
Localization
Most lesions occur in the lower extremity around the knee (distal femoral or proximal tibial metaphysis), followed by the craniofacial skeleton.
Epidemiology
There is a wide age distribution (9–87 years), with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life and a slight male predominance.
Etiology
A small subset of LMSs of bone are associated with prior exposure to radiation therapy or bone infarcts. LMS of bone related to EBV infection in immunocompromised patients has also been reported.
